The paper presents a brief overview of information on the Genesis of plant sclerenchyma cells, indicating the role of leaves and lateral buds in the induction of their differentiation, some phytohormones, the position of cells in the body. For anatomical studies, samples of the stem and trunk of Populus nervirubens Alb. were used different age: one and seven years. In stem annual escape poplar cells sklerenhima presented extradinarily fibers and sclereids located generally solitary cow in the parenchyma under phelloderma or near the fibers.